Used as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cells, enabling efficient proton conduction while blocking electrons. Commonly applied in hydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzers for clean energy systems. Also used in sensors and electrochemical devices due to its high chemical stability and selective ion transport. Serves as a catalyst binder in electrode layers, improving performance and durability. Applied in chlor-alkali cells for industrial chlorine production. Its solution form allows for thin film coatings and integration into membrane electrode assemblies.