Used as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cells, enabling efficient conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Commonly applied in hydrogen fuel cells for clean energy systems, electric vehicles, and portable power devices. Also serves as a catalyst support and electrode binder due to its excellent proton conductivity and chemical stability. Widely used in electrolyzers for water splitting to produce hydrogen. Employed in sensors and electrochemical devices requiring selective ion transport. Its robustness in acidic environments and high thermal stability make it suitable for demanding electrochemical applications.