Used extensively in bioconjugation, it facilitates the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to proteins, peptides, or other biomolecules. This modification enhances the stability, solubility, and circulation time of the conjugated molecules in biological systems. Commonly applied in drug delivery systems to improve the pharmacokinetics and reduce immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Also utilized in the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and other targeted therapies, where precise and stable linkages are crucial. Its role in nanotechnology and material science includes surface modification of nanoparticles to improve biocompatibility and targeting efficiency.