Used primarily as a selective antagonist for GABA_A receptors in neuroscience research. It blocks the inhibitory effects of GABA, allowing scientists to study neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Commonly applied in electrophysiological experiments to induce seizures in model systems, aiding in the investigation of epilepsy and convulsive mechanisms. Also used to examine the role of GABAergic signaling in behavior, learning, and memory. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier poorly, it is often administered locally in experimental settings to achieve targeted effects.