Fanapanel is a selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of AMPA receptors, involved in excitatory neurotransmission. It is primarily investigated for therapeutic applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, and cognitive impairments. By potentiating AMPA receptor activity, it may enhance synaptic plasticity and cognitive function, making it a candidate for conditions involving deficient excitatory signaling. Research also explores its role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in stroke or traumatic brain injury, and potential benefits in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. However, clinical applications remain under investigation, with ongoing studies needed to confirm efficacy and safety.