Ezatiostat is primarily used in the field of oncology as a potential therapeutic agent. It functions as a glutathione analog and has been investigated for its role in protecting healthy cells from the toxic effects of chemotherapy, particularly in patients undergoing treatment for cancer. By modulating oxidative stress, it helps in reducing the damage caused to normal tissues while enhancing the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Additionally, it has shown promise in clinical trials for myelodysplastic syndromes, a group of disorders characterized by ineffective blood cell production, where it aids in improving hematologic parameters. Its ability to restore glutathione levels also makes it a candidate for research in conditions involving oxidative stress and immune system modulation.