AMG 837 sodium salt is primarily used in research settings to study its role as a GPR40 agonist, which is involved in glucose metabolism. It has potential applications in the development of treatments for type 2 diabetes by enhancing insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Researchers utilize this compound to explore its effects on pancreatic beta cells and its ability to improve glycemic control. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool in pharmacological studies to understand the signaling pathways and mechanisms of GPR40 activation. Its use in preclinical models helps in assessing therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles for future drug development.