Nanatinostat is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer treatment, particularly in targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers. It functions as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which helps reactivate viral genes in cancer cells, making them more susceptible to antiviral therapies. This approach is especially promising in treating EBV-positive lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Additionally, it is being explored in combination with other anticancer agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance in various malignancies. Its ability to modulate gene expression also opens possibilities for treating other diseases involving epigenetic dysregulation.