Givinostat (ITF2357) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in various medical conditions. It is being studied as a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) due to its ability to reduce inflammation and muscle degeneration. The compound has shown promise in improving muscle function and slowing disease progression in preclinical and clinical trials. Additionally, Givinostat is explored for its efficacy in treating autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, by modulating immune responses and reducing inflammation. It is also being researched in oncology for its potential to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis in certain types of cancers, including hematologic malignancies like juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Furthermore, Givinostat has been evaluated for its role in managing chronic inflammatory conditions and rare genetic disorders, offering hope for patients with limited treatment options. Ongoing clinical trials continue to assess its safety and effectiveness across these diverse applications.