4SC-202 is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy. It functions as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, targeting enzymes involved in the regulation of gene expression. By inhibiting HDACs, it promotes the acetylation of histones, leading to the reactivation of tumor suppressor genes and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. This mechanism makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of various malignancies, including hematologic cancers and solid tumors. Additionally, its ability to modulate the immune response and enhance the efficacy of other anticancer therapies is under exploration, potentially broadening its application in combination treatments. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate its safety, tolerability, and effectiveness in patients.