Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in selective oxidation reactions. Employed in the production of bismuth-containing pharmaceuticals, including as an antacid and gastric protectant due to its mild reactivity and low toxicity. Applied in ceramic glazes and pigments to achieve specific surface finishes and color modifications. Also utilized in environmental chemistry for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater through precipitation and adsorption processes. Shows potential in the development of bismuth-based nanomaterials for electronic and optical applications.