Ophiobolin B is a fungal sesquiterpenoid toxin primarily studied for its phytotoxic properties in agricultural applications, where it inhibits the growth of certain plant pathogens and weeds, positioning it as a candidate for natural herbicides. Research also explores its selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells without significantly affecting normal cells, underscoring its potential in anticancer therapies. Additionally, it exhibits antimicrobial activity against fungi and bacteria, which may lead to new antimicrobial agents. Its unique mechanism of action makes it valuable in biochemical studies of cellular processes and stress responses.