PX-478 2HCl is primarily used in research settings to study its effects on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). It is known to inhibit HIF-1α, a protein that plays a critical role in cellular responses to low oxygen levels. This inhibition makes it a valuable tool in cancer research, as HIF-1α is often overexpressed in tumors and contributes to their growth, survival, and resistance to treatment. By targeting HIF-1α, PX-478 2HCl helps researchers explore potential therapeutic strategies to disrupt tumor progression and enhance the effectiveness of other cancer treatments. Additionally, it is used in studies investigating conditions related to hypoxia, such as ischemic diseases, to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted therapies.