Vadadustat is primarily used in the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It functions as an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), which helps stimulate the body's natural response to low oxygen levels. By stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factors, it promotes the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. This mechanism reduces the need for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and intravenous iron supplementation, offering a more convenient oral treatment option for patients. Vadadustat is particularly beneficial for individuals on dialysis or those not yet on dialysis, helping to manage anemia and improve quality of life. Its use is carefully monitored to ensure efficacy and minimize potential risks, such as cardiovascular events.