JNJ-5207852 is primarily utilized in neuroscience research, particularly in the study of the histamine H3 receptor. This receptor plays a significant role in regulating neurotransmitter release in the brain, influencing various cognitive and behavioral processes. Researchers employ JNJ-5207852 as a selective antagonist to investigate the receptor's function and its potential implications in disorders such as narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other sleep-wake cycle abnormalities. By blocking the H3 receptor, this compound helps scientists understand the receptor's role in modulating histamine and other neurotransmitters, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric conditions. Its application is largely confined to preclinical studies, aiding in the development of novel treatments for brain-related disorders.