ABT-239 is primarily utilized in research focused on cognitive disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease. It functions as a potent and selective antagonist of the histamine H3 receptor, which plays a significant role in modulating neurotransmitter release in the brain. By blocking this receptor, ABT-239 enhances the release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which are crucial for cognitive processes such as memory and learning. This mechanism makes it a valuable tool in studying potential therapeutic strategies for improving cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, its application extends to investigating the role of histamine receptors in sleep-wake regulation and other neurological functions.