UNC0638 is primarily used in biochemical research as a potent and selective inhibitor of the G9a and GLP histone methyltransferases. These enzymes are involved in the methylation of histone H3, which plays a crucial role in gene expression regulation. By inhibiting G9a and GLP, UNC0638 helps researchers study the effects of histone methylation on chromatin structure and gene silencing. This compound is particularly valuable in epigenetics research, where it aids in understanding the mechanisms of gene regulation and the potential therapeutic targeting of diseases linked to abnormal histone methylation, such as cancer. Additionally, UNC0638 is utilized in cellular assays to explore the impact of epigenetic modifications on cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Its specificity and efficacy make it a key tool in advancing our knowledge of epigenetic pathways and their implications in various biological processes.