This compound is the active pharmaceutical ingredient known as rosuvastatin, a statin drug widely used for managing high cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia) and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Its structure is crucial for inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. By blocking this enzyme, rosuvastatin reduces the synthesis of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol, thereby lowering the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes. The specific (3R,5R,E) stereochemistry and functional groups enhance its potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic profile, allowing for effective dosing with fewer side effects compared to earlier statins. It is typically prescribed under medical supervision due to potential adverse effects such as myopathy or hepatotoxicity.