(3S,5S)-Atorvastatin is primarily used in the treatment of high cholesterol and related cardiovascular conditions. It works by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a key role in cholesterol production in the liver. This helps to lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, and triglycerides in the blood. Additionally, it can increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol. By managing cholesterol levels, it reduces the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other heart-related diseases. It is often prescribed to patients with hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, or those at high risk of cardiovascular events. The medication is typically taken orally and is often combined with lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise for optimal results.