Used for detecting and quantifying specific proteins, antibodies, or antigens in biological samples such as serum, plasma, or cell culture supernatants. Commonly applied in medical diagnostics to identify infectious diseases like HIV, hepatitis, and Lyme disease. Also used in research settings to measure cytokine levels, hormone concentrations, and immune responses. Provides a sensitive and high-throughput method for analyzing multiple samples quickly. Widely used in clinical laboratories, pharmaceutical development, and quality control due to its reliability and ease of use.