Used in immunological research to quantify CCL4 levels in biological samples such as serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. Helps in studying inflammatory responses, immune cell recruitment, and disease mechanisms including HIV infection, since CCL4 acts as a natural ligand for CCR5, a co-receptor for HIV entry. Widely applied in clinical research to assess immune activation in conditions like autoimmune diseases, cancer, and viral infections. Enables researchers to monitor changes in CCL4 concentration during therapeutic interventions or disease progression. Suitable for high-throughput screening in drug development targeting chemokine pathways.