Used in biomedical research to detect and quantify specific proteins, hormones, or biomarkers in human biological samples such as serum, plasma, or cell culture supernatants. Widely applied in clinical laboratories and research settings for studying immune responses, inflammatory diseases, cancer biomarkers, and endocrine disorders. Enables high-throughput analysis with high sensitivity and specificity, supporting diagnostic development and therapeutic monitoring. Commonly used in studies related to cytokine profiling, autoimmune diseases, and vaccine response evaluation.