Used in molecular biology and biomedical research to detect and quantify components of the general transcription complex in human cells. Helps study gene expression mechanisms, particularly RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Applied in investigating transcriptional dysregulation in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune conditions. Enables researchers to assess the effects of drugs, signaling pathways, or genetic modifications on transcription machinery assembly and activity. Suitable for high-throughput screening and mechanistic studies in cell lysates.