Used in immunological research to quantify soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels in biological samples such as serum, plasma, or cell culture supernatants. Helps assess inflammatory activity in studies related to autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and infectious diseases. Commonly applied in clinical research to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. Enables high-throughput analysis with high sensitivity and specificity, making it suitable for large-scale studies investigating endothelial activation and immune response.