Used for detecting and quantifying substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones in biological samples. Commonly applied in medical diagnostics to identify biomarkers for diseases like HIV, hepatitis, and Lyme disease. Widely used in research laboratories for immunoassay studies due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Also employed in quality control in pharmaceutical manufacturing to verify protein expression and purity. Suitable for both academic and clinical settings where precise measurement of analytes is required.