Used in biomedical research to quantify Smad1 protein levels in cell or tissue samples, this ELISA kit enables the study of TGF-β signaling pathways. It supports research in cell differentiation, bone development, and cancer progression by providing a reliable method to measure phosphorylated or total Smad1. The kit is widely applied in molecular biology and immunology labs for investigating signal transduction mechanisms and evaluating responses to therapeutic agents targeting TGF-β-related diseases.