Used in immunological research to quantify levels of Human-specific Macrophage Armed Factor (SMAF) in biological samples such as serum, plasma, or cell culture supernatants. Enables researchers to study macrophage activation and function in human-specific immune responses. Commonly applied in studies related to inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and host-pathogen interactions. Supports development and validation of therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage-mediated pathways. Suitable for use in clinical research settings where precise measurement of SMAF is required to assess immune modulation.