Used in biomedical research to quantify Smad4 protein levels in cell lysates or tissue extracts. Helps study TGF-β signaling pathway activity, which is involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Commonly applied in cancer research, especially for investigating pancreatic, colorectal, and other tumors where Smad4 expression is altered. Enables researchers to assess the impact of drugs or genetic modifications on Smad4 expression. Suitable for high-throughput screening and mechanistic studies in molecular and cellular biology.