Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in selective oxidation and hydrogenation reactions due to its stability and reactivity. Also investigated for use in solid-state electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries because of its ionic conductivity and thermal stability. Shows potential in high-temperature ceramics and refractory materials owing to its resistance to thermal shock and chemical inertness. Additionally, explored in optoelectronic applications, including thin-film semiconductors and infrared optical components.