Rigosertib sodium is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly in treating myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other malignancies. It functions as a small molecule inhibitor that targets cellular signaling pathways, including the PI3K and PLK pathways, which are crucial for cancer cell survival and proliferation. By disrupting these pathways, it induces apoptosis in cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for patients who have not responded to other treatments. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy and safety, with a focus on advanced or refractory cases. Additionally, research explores its potential in combination therapies to enhance its anticancer effects.