Vactosertib, also known as TEW-7197, is primarily used in cancer research and treatment development. It functions as a potent inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor type I kinase, which plays a significant role in tumor growth and metastasis. By blocking this pathway, Vactosertib helps in reducing the proliferation of cancer cells and enhances the effectiveness of other cancer therapies. It is particularly studied in the context of advanced solid tumors, where TGF-β signaling is often dysregulated. Researchers are also exploring its potential in combination with immunotherapy to improve patient outcomes in various cancer types.