Vecabrutinib is primarily used in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It functions as a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, targeting the BTK enzyme which plays a crucial role in the survival and proliferation of malignant B-cells. By inhibiting BTK, Vecabrutinib disrupts signaling pathways that promote cancer cell growth, leading to reduced tumor progression. It is particularly beneficial for patients who have developed resistance to other BTK inhibitors, offering a potential therapeutic option for relapsed or refractory cases. Additionally, its application is being explored in autoimmune diseases where B-cell activity is dysregulated, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Ongoing clinical trials aim to further evaluate its efficacy and safety in these conditions.