Olmutinib is primarily used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in cases where the cancer cells have a specific mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. It functions as an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocking the signaling pathways that promote cancer cell growth and survival. This targeted therapy is especially beneficial for patients who have developed resistance to other EGFR inhibitors, offering a potential option to manage the disease and improve outcomes.