Nintedanib esylate is primarily used in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic and progressive lung disease. It works by inhibiting multiple tyrosine kinases, which are involved in the signaling pathways that promote fibrosis. This helps to slow down the progression of the disease and improve lung function. Additionally, it is also approved for the treatment of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), where it helps to reduce the decline in lung function. In oncology, nintedanib esylate is used in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of adenocarcinoma histology, particularly after first-line chemotherapy. It targets angiogenesis, inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels that supply tumors, thereby slowing tumor growth. The drug is administered orally, making it convenient for long-term management of these conditions.