Nintedanib esylate is primarily used in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by scarring of lung tissue. It works by inhibiting multiple tyrosine kinases involved in the signaling pathways that promote fibrosis, thereby slowing the progression of the disease. Additionally, it is used to treat systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), helping to reduce the decline in lung function. In oncology, nintedanib esylate is utilized in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of adenocarcinoma histology, particularly after first-line chemotherapy. Its anti-angiogenic properties help inhibit the formation of new blood vessels that supply tumors, thereby restricting tumor growth. The drug is administered orally, making it convenient for long-term management of these conditions.