Dasatinib hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It works by inhibiting specific tyrosine kinases, which are enzymes that promote the growth of cancer cells. This makes it effective in targeting and controlling the progression of these types of cancers. It is often prescribed when patients are resistant or intolerant to other treatments like imatinib. Additionally, it is used in cases where the Philadelphia chromosome, a genetic abnormality linked to these cancers, is present. The drug is administered orally and requires regular monitoring to manage potential side effects and ensure its efficacy.