Rigosertib is primarily utilized in the field of oncology as an investigational anti-cancer agent. It functions by targeting and inhibiting key signaling pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation and survival, particularly the PI3K and PLK1 pathways. This makes it a potential therapeutic option for various malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical trials have explored its efficacy in patients who have failed or are refractory to standard treatments, offering hope for improved outcomes in these challenging cases. Additionally, its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells highlights its potential as a targeted therapy with reduced off-target effects. Research continues to evaluate its broader applications in solid tumors and other hematologic cancers.