Volasertib is primarily used in cancer research and treatment development, specifically as an investigational anti-cancer agent. It functions by inhibiting Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1), a protein critical for cell division, particularly in rapidly dividing tumor cells. By blocking Plk1, Volasertib disrupts mitosis, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. It has shown promise in clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), especially in elderly patients who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy. Studies indicate that Volasertib, when combined with low-dose cytarabine, can improve response rates compared to chemotherapy alone. Its targeted mechanism offers potential for higher selectivity toward cancer cells, possibly reducing damage to normal tissues. Research continues to explore its efficacy in other solid tumors and hematological malignancies, making it a compound of interest in targeted oncology therapies.