XMU-MP-1 is a selective inhibitor of the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which plays a key role in the necroptosis pathway—a form of regulated cell death. Its primary application lies in research settings, where it is used to study the mechanisms of necroptosis and its involvement in various disease models. By inhibiting MLKL phosphorylation, XMU-MP-1 effectively blocks necroptotic cell death, making it a valuable tool for investigating inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and tissue damage in conditions such as sepsis and acute kidney injury. It has also been used in preclinical studies to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting necroptosis in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Due to its cell permeability and specificity, XMU-MP-1 enables researchers to modulate necroptosis in cellular and animal models with high precision, supporting the development of novel therapeutic strategies.