Latex beads made of polystyrene are widely used in various scientific and industrial applications due to their uniform size, stability, and versatility. In biomedical research, they serve as calibration standards for flow cytometry and microscopy, helping to ensure accurate instrument performance. These beads are also employed in diagnostic assays, where they act as carriers for antibodies or antigens, enabling the detection of specific biomolecules in immunoassays like ELISA. In addition, they are used in cell sorting and separation techniques, where their surface can be modified to bind specific cell types for isolation. In material science, polystyrene latex beads are utilized as templates for creating nanostructured materials or as additives to enhance the properties of coatings and composites. Their ability to form ordered arrays makes them valuable in photonics and sensor development. Furthermore, they are applied in environmental studies as tracers to monitor water flow and pollutant dispersion.