Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions due to its Lewis acid properties. It facilitates the formation of carbon-carbon bonds under mild conditions. Also employed in electroplating baths to deposit zinc alloys with improved brightness and adhesion. Serves as a moisture-tolerant reagent in industrial processes where water presence limits the use of other metal halides. Its hydrate form offers easier handling and stability in air compared to anhydrous counterparts.