Used in biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, where the nanoparticles can be guided to specific sites in the body using external magnetic fields. Commonly employed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as contrast agents to enhance image clarity. Applied in hyperthermia treatment for cancer, where alternating magnetic fields generate heat to destroy tumor cells. Utilized in biosensors and diagnostic assays for rapid detection of biomolecules. Also used in environmental remediation to remove contaminants like heavy metals and organic pollutants from water through magnetic separation. Suitable for in vitro and in vivo studies due to surface functionalization capabilities.