XMD-17-51 is primarily used in research settings as a potent and selective inhibitor of the ERK5 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5) signaling pathway. Its application is significant in studying cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, particularly in cancer research. By inhibiting ERK5, XMD-17-51 helps researchers understand the role of this kinase in tumor growth and survival, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Additionally, it is utilized in investigating inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular conditions where ERK5 signaling is implicated. Its specificity makes it a valuable tool for dissecting complex signaling networks in various disease models.