AdipoRon hydrochloride is primarily investigated for its potential in metabolic and age-related diseases due to its ability to mimic the effects of adiponectin, a hormone involved in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. It activates adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), leading to improved insulin sensitivity, making it a candidate for type 2 diabetes research. Studies show it can lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin resistance in animal models.

It has also shown promise in enhancing mitochondrial function and increasing AMPK activation, which supports cellular energy balance and may protect against metabolic stress. Due to these effects, AdipoRon hydrochloride is being explored in preclinical models for obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular conditions.

Additionally, research suggests neuroprotective and anti-aging properties, with potential applications in diseases like Alzheimer’s and sarcopenia. Its ability to improve physical performance and reduce inflammation in aged or obese models highlights its broader therapeutic interest, though it remains primarily a research compound and is not approved for clinical use.