Used in gas storage and separation due to its high surface area and thermal stability. Effective for capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas and natural gas purification. Employed in catalysis as a support for active metal nanoparticles, enhancing reaction efficiency in hydrogenation and oxidation processes. Applied in sensing applications for detecting volatile organic compounds and explosives due to its selective adsorption properties. Investigated for drug delivery systems because of its biocompatibility and controlled release capability. Also explored in water treatment for removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants.