Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high opacity and brightness. Common in architectural and industrial paints for durable, long-lasting finish. Employed in printing inks for vibrant color presentation and in paper manufacturing to improve whiteness and printability. Used in cosmetics like sunscreens and makeup, offering UV protection without skin irritation. Applied in photocatalytic air and water purification systems, breaking down organic pollutants under UV light. Utilized in self-cleaning surfaces and anti-fogging coatings on glass and tiles. Also found in some lithium-ion battery materials and solar cells for enhanced performance.