Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high refractive index and excellent light-scattering properties. Provides brightness and opacity, making it ideal for architectural paints, industrial coatings, and exterior applications where durability and color retention are important. Commonly found in cosmetics such as sunscreens and foundations, where it acts as a physical UV blocker, protecting the skin from both UVA and UVB radiation. Its photostability and low skin irritation potential make it suitable for sensitive skin products. Used in the paper industry to improve whiteness, gloss, and opacity in high-quality printing and writing papers. Also incorporated into some food products and pharmaceuticals as a whitening agent, approved for use in many regions under food additive regulations. Applied in construction materials like cement and tiles to enhance brightness and improve surface properties. Additionally, explored in photocatalytic applications for self-cleaning surfaces, air purification, and antimicrobial coatings due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species under UV light.