Used as a crosslinking agent in the production of antiperspirants, where it helps form stable gels with aluminum salts to enhance sweat reduction. Acts as a precursor in the synthesis of zirconium-based ceramics and refractory materials due to its high thermal stability. Employed in tanning leather to improve heat resistance and durability of the final product. Serves as a catalyst or catalyst support in organic reactions, particularly in acid-catalyzed processes like esterification and alkylation. Utilized in water treatment for the removal of certain anions and impurities through precipitation and coagulation mechanisms. Also applied in the preparation of specialty coatings and pigments where controlled hydrolysis yields fine zirconia particles.