JNJ-42153605 is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in the field of psychiatry and neurology. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), which plays a significant role in modulating neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. This mechanism makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, where dysregulation of glutamate signaling is often implicated. By enhancing mGluR2 activity, JNJ-42153605 may help normalize glutamate levels, potentially alleviating symptoms like cognitive deficits, hallucinations, and mood disturbances. Additionally, its application is being explored in anxiety disorders and other conditions linked to glutamate dysfunction. The compound’s ability to target specific receptor subtypes with minimal side effects could offer a more refined approach compared to traditional antipsychotic medications.