VU 0357121 is primarily used in scientific research to study the role of mGlu5 receptors in the brain. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator, enhancing receptor activity, which helps researchers understand its involvement in neurological and psychiatric conditions. This compound is particularly valuable in exploring potential treatments for disorders like schizophrenia, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease. Its application extends to behavioral and pharmacological studies, providing insights into receptor function and signaling pathways.